Oil Refineries and Petroleum Industries Company †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Oil Refineries and Petroleum Industries Company. Answer: Literature Review - It has been observed that oil refineries and petroleum industry in Oman recently have achieved a tremendous growth. The scholars in the previous studies have discussed how the organizations in the petroleum sector in Oman achieved a rapid growth while the economy was not stable. In this context, Du and Vieira (2012) mentioned that along with oil and gas revenues, a number of Middle East organizations have observed a changing growth in the petroleum industry in the recent time. However, within Oman, few organizations have gained the success as well as rapid growth of Oman Oil refinery and petroleum industry. Thus, to evaluate the current scenario of the sector, a critical discussion has been provided in the following with the evidences provided in the previous studies. Scope of the literature Even though, the current literature focuses on the growth and challenges of Omans petroleum sector, it did not include initiatives taken by the firms to deal with the growth and future challenges. Moreover, the literature only focuses on the past evens and facts regarding the catalytic reforming process but it did not evaluate the current scenario of the sector. As the economy of the nation has changed, the operational practices of Omans oil refinery and petroleum has also been changed. However, the current literature did include any recent facts. Journal 1: Askari, A., Karimi, H., Rahimi, M.R. and Ghanbari, M., 2012. Simulation and modeling of catalytic reforming process.Petrol. Coal,54(1), pp.76-84. As put forward by Askari et al. (2012), Naptha can be converted into by catalytic reforming. This technique engages the reconstruction of low-octane hydrocarbon in naptha into more powerful high octane gasoline elements without altering the boiling point series. The authors have also mentioned that alkanes are saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons with the usual widely known formula CnH2n+2. These can be either straight chain or branched structure. On the other side, in the molecule, temperature of boiling point increases by 25-29 degree Celsius. It is learnt from the article that composition of stipulated naptha depends on the category of crude oil as well as the boiling range of the naptha. Journal 2: Fegade, S.L., 2015.Catalytic conversion of crop oil to petrochemical substitutes and other bio-based chemicals. The University of North Dakota This study helps to learn that the catalytic reforming method coverts petroleum naptha to high-octane gasoline pool elements. These high-octane gasoline pool elements are primarily branched and they consist of aromatic hydrocarbons. These carbons initially remain less prone to ignite prematurely. It was also studied that the naptha fraction of crude oil, premdominatly consists of alkanes as well as cycloalkanes. The hydrogen as a significant by-product has several applications in the refinery sector, especially for the product of clean fuels. The authors have added that the first commercial unit of Hydro-forming was observed in 1940 with fixed-bed molybdena-alumina catalysts (Fegade 2015) Journal 3- Song, C. and Pan, W., 2004. Tri-reforming of methane: a novel concept for catalytic production of industrially useful synthesis gas with desired H 2/CO ratios.Catalysis Today,98(4), pp.463-484. According to Song and Pan (2004) reformation of methane is a well developed industrial technique for syngas production. The major goal of methane reforming is to accomplish a high methane transformation with the necessary H2CO with the exclusion of coke deposition. This technique is sometime possible to be combined with CO2 utilization and conversion. This study proved that in the novel process of tri-reforming, syngas as well as conversion of CH4 is possible without separating CO2. The tri-reforming technique could combine three different usual method of reformation into one. Journal 4- Hu, Y.H. and Ruckenstein, E., 2004. Catalytic conversion of methane to synthesis gas by partial oxidation and CO 2 reforming.Advances in Catalysis,48, pp.297-345. The authors in this study have mentioned that catalytic conversion always remains as the primary conversion technique in the petroleum refinery as well as the petrochemical sector. The refinery method follows a catalytic prcess which transforms naptha with low octane into higher octane. This conversion is done for gasoline blending as well as aromatic rich reformate, which generates aromatic production. As put forward by Hu and Ruckenstein (2004), Naptha is associated with the catalytic reforming, which includes heavy straight run naptha. It could convert low octane naptha to high octane gasoline. Journal 5- Twigg, M.V. and Spencer, M.S., 2003. Deactivation of copper metal catalysts for methanol decomposition, methanol steam reforming and methanol synthesis.Topics in Catalysis,22(3), pp.191-203. According to the outcome of this study, the most catalyst sorts consist of Cu/ZnO formulation that consist of stabiliser as well as promoters including alumina, alkaline and other earth oxide. These materials play a significant role into the absorption of catalyst poisons. This article also helps to analyze that all copper catalysts are susceptible to thermal sintering through a surface migration technique. However, Twigg and Spencer (2003) mentioned that appropriate measures should be taken to omit the halides from copper catalyst at the time of manufacturing. References Askari, A., Karimi, H., Rahimi, M.R. and Ghanbari, M., 2012. Simulation and modeling of catalytic reforming process.Petrol. Coal,54(1), pp.76-84. Fegade, S.L., 2015.Catalytic conversion of crop oil to petrochemical substitutes and other bio-based chemicals. The University of North Dakota Hu, Y.H. and Ruckenstein, E., 2004. Catalytic conversion of methane to synthesis gas by partial oxidation and CO 2 reforming.Advances in Catalysis,48, pp.297-345. Song, C. and Pan, W., 2004. Tri-reforming of methane: a novel concept for catalytic production of industrially useful synthesis gas with desired H 2/CO ratios.Catalysis Today,98(4), pp.463-484. Twigg, M.V. and Spencer, M.S., 2003. Deactivation of copper metal catalysts for methanol decomposition, methanol steam reforming and methanol synthesis.Topics in Catalysis,22(3), pp.191-203.